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  2. Texas Germans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Germans

    Texas Germans (German: Texas-Deutsche) are descendants of Germans who settled in Texas since the 1830s. The arriving Germans tended to cluster in ethnic enclaves ; the majority settled in a broad, fragmented belt across the south-central part of the state, where many became farmers. [ 1 ]

  3. Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitentiaries...

    Examples include: prisons (penitentiaries), institutions for rehabilitation (reformatories), and a system where prisoners were leased to private companies (convict lease). Various social pressures influenced these methods of punishment such as economic needs, influential power politics, and the cultural beliefs of the time. [ 6 ]

  4. Nueces massacre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueces_massacre

    Several Germans did survive the engagement and ensuing search. These combatants hid in Texas, fled to Mexico and California, or eventually joined U.S. forces in New Orleans as members of the 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment. [35] More critical, however, was how the incident affected the German community in Texas for the rest of the war.

  5. History of United States prison systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_United_States...

    A map of Philadelphia in 1796, at a time when a century of population growth and social change was beginning to transform crime and punishment in the city and elsewhere in the early United States. The first major prison reform movement in the United States came after the American Revolution, at the start of the

  6. List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II...

    Italian prisoners of war working on the Arizona Canal (December 1943) In the United States at the end of World War II, there were prisoner-of-war camps, including 175 Branch Camps serving 511 Area Camps containing over 425,000 prisoners of war (mostly German). The camps were located all over the US, but were mostly in the South, due to the higher expense of heating the barracks in colder areas ...

  7. German prisoners of war in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in...

    Major POW camps across the United States as of June 1944 Entrance to Camp Swift in Texas, August 1944. Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II.

  8. Prisoners of Profit - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/prisoners-of-profit

    In a news release announcing the groundbreaking for the prisons, Slattery called the new facilities “the future of American corrections.” Among the new Correctional Services Corp. prisons was the Pahokee Youth Development Center, which sat in the middle of sugarcane fields in a rural, swampy part of the state northwest of Miami.

  9. German Americans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Americans

    Texas had about 20,000 German Americans in the 1850s. They did not form a uniform bloc, but were highly diverse and drew from geographic areas and all sectors of European society, except that very few aristocrats or upper middle class businessmen arrived. In this regard, Texas Germania was a microcosm of the Germania nationwide. The Germans who ...