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Ramsey theory, named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of the mathematical field of combinatorics that focuses on the appearance of order in a substructure given a structure of a known size. Problems in Ramsey theory typically ask a question of the form: "how big must some structure be to guarantee ...
Ergodic Ramsey theory is a branch of mathematics where problems motivated by additive combinatorics are proven using ergodic theory. ... Erdős and Turán conjectured ...
Paul Erdős was born on 26 March 1913, in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, [8] the only surviving child of Anna (née Wilhelm) and Lajos Erdős (né Engländer). [9] [10] His two sisters, aged three and five, both died of scarlet fever a few days before he was born. [11]
He did important work in scheduling theory, computational geometry, Ramsey theory, and quasi-randomness, [3] and many topics in mathematics are named after him. He published six books and about 400 papers, and had nearly 200 co-authors, including many collaborative works with his wife Fan Chung and with Paul Erdős.
In the mathematical theory of infinite graphs, the Erdős–Dushnik–Miller theorem is a form of Ramsey's theorem stating that every infinite graph contains either a countably infinite independent set, or a clique with the same cardinality as the whole graph. [1]
In partition calculus, part of combinatorial set theory, a branch of mathematics, the Erdős–Rado theorem is a basic result extending Ramsey's theorem to uncountable sets. It is named after Paul Erdős and Richard Rado. [1]
In mathematics, zero-sum Ramsey theory or zero-sum theory is a branch of combinatorics.It deals with problems of the following kind: given a combinatorial structure whose elements are assigned different weights (usually elements from an Abelian group), one seeks for conditions that guarantee the existence of certain substructure whose weights of its elements sum up to zero (in ).
Rothschild, together with Ronald Graham, formulated one of the most monumental results in Ramsey theory, the Graham–Rothschild theorem. [3] He has collaborated with American mathematicians Joel Spencer and Ronald Graham on key texts related to Ramsey theory. Rothschild wrote several papers with Paul Erdős, giving him an Erdős number of 1. [4]