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In physics, particle accelerators are devices for generating streams of sub-atomic particles at very high energies. The field concerned with designing and building particle accelerators is called accelerator physics .
Particles collided Beam energy Experiments INSPIRE Intersecting Storage Rings: CERN 1971–1984 Circular rings (948 m around) Proton/ Proton 31.5 GeV INSPIRE: Super Proton Synchrotron/Sp p S CERN 1981–1984 Circular ring (6.9 km around) Proton/ Antiproton 270–315 GeV UA1, UA2: INSPIRE: Tevatron Run I Fermilab: 1992–1995 Circular ring (6.3 ...
Accelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators.As such, it can be described as the study of motion, manipulation and observation of relativistic charged particle beams and their interaction with accelerator structures by electromagnetic fields.
The Tevatron (background circle), a synchrotron collider type particle accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, Illinois, USA. Shut down in 2011, until 2007 it was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, accelerating protons to an energy of over 1 TeV (tera electron volts).
The Proton Synchrotron (PS, sometimes also referred to as CPS [1]) is a particle accelerator at CERN.It is CERN's first synchrotron, beginning its operation in 1959.For a brief period the PS was the world's highest energy particle accelerator.
An electrostatic particle accelerator is a particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated to a high energy by a static high voltage potential. This contrasts with the other major category of particle accelerator, oscillating field particle accelerators, in which the particles are accelerated by oscillating electric fields.
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
Keeping the particles focused for acceleration requires confining the particles to the plane of acceleration (in-plane or "vertical" [a] focusing), preventing them from moving inward or outward from their correct orbit ("horizontal" [a] focusing), and keeping them synchronized with the accelerating RF field cycle (longitudinal focusing).