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Several elements show their highest oxidation state only in a few compounds, one of which is the fluoride; and some elements' highest known oxidation state is seen exclusively in a fluoride. For groups 1–5, 13–16 (except nitrogen), the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.
Aluminium monofluoride, also known as fluoridoaluminium, is the chemical compound with the formula AlF. This elusive species is formed by the reaction between aluminium trifluoride and metallic aluminium at elevated temperatures but quickly reverts to the reactants when cooled. [ 1 ]
1. Tomatoes. The high acidity in tomatoes can react strongly with aluminum, causing tiny bits of metal to leach into the food. While this can impart that gross metallic taste, the bigger issue is ...
It reacts with calcium and magnesium in the blood leading to hypocalcemia and possible death through cardiac arrhythmia. [265] Insoluble calcium fluoride formation triggers strong pain [266] and burns larger than 160 cm 2 (25 in 2) can cause serious systemic toxicity. [267]
The majority of aluminium fluoride is produced by treating alumina with hydrogen fluoride at 700 °C: [4] Hexafluorosilicic acid may also be used make aluminium fluoride. [11] H 2 [SiF 6] + Al 2 O 3 + 3 H 2 O → 2 AlF 3 + SiO 2 + 4 H 2 O. Alternatively, it is manufactured by thermal decomposition of ammonium hexafluoroaluminate. [12]
All vegetation contains some fluoride, which is absorbed from soil and water. [10] Some plants concentrate fluoride from their environment more than others. All tea leaves contain fluoride; however, mature leaves contain as much as 10 to 20 times the fluoride levels of young leaves from the same plant. [18] [19] [20]
Ingested fluoride forms hydrofluoric acid in the stomach. In this form, fluoride crosses cell membranes and then binds with calcium and interferes with various enzymes. Fluoride is excreted through urine. Fluoride exposure limits are based on urine testing, which is used to determine the human body's capacity for ridding itself of fluoride. [69 ...
Fluoride was measured at 8 milligrams per liter in the groundwater of some villages in China, while some Canadian waters contain levels of less than 0.05 milligrams per liter, according to a World ...