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Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue, [1] a type of swelling. [4] Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. [1] Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. [1]
Fluid retention can be a symptom of underlying conditions such as kidney disease, heart failure and liver disease, says Badgett. Certain cancers and cancer treatments can cause edema. “Sometimes ...
A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician ...
One approach to a diagnosis is to divide ADH release into appropriate (not SIADH) or inappropriate (SIADH). Appropriate ADH release can be a result of hypovolemia, a so-called non-osmotic trigger of ADH release. This may be true hypovolemia, as a result of dehydration with fluid losses replaced by free water.
This compartment consists of the fluid surrounding the cells and the fluid inside the blood vessels. ECF has a sodium concentration of approximately 140 mEq/L. [ 27 ] Because cell membranes are permeable to water but not sodium, the movement of water across membranes affects the concentration of sodium in the blood.
As a result, there is increased pressure within the circulatory system, resulting in fluid moving into the surrounding tissues. [4] In the lungs, the extra fluid accumulates into the air sacs within the lung, causing difficulties in oxygen getting into the blood. This results in low blood oxygen levels and shortness of breath.
The most common sign is excess fluid in the body due to serum hypoalbuminemia. Lower serum oncotic pressure causes fluid to accumulate in the interstitial tissues. Sodium and water retention aggravates the edema. This may take several forms: Puffiness around the eyes, characteristically in the morning. Pitting edema over the legs.
The substances cause an increase in the osmotic pressure within the tubule, causing retention of water within the lumen, and thus reduces the reabsorption of water, increasing urine output (i.e., diuresis). The same effect can be seen in therapeutics such as mannitol, which is used to increase urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume.