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Due to the long time spans, the first plague pandemic (6th century – 8th century) and the second plague pandemic (14th century – early 19th century) are shown by individual outbreaks, such as the Plague of Justinian (first pandemic) and the Black Death (second pandemic).
Plague had been present in England since the Black Death, infecting various fauna in the countryside, and known as plague since the 15th century. [4] Occasionally Yersinia pestis was transmitted to human society by infectious contact with the fleas of wild animals, with disastrous results for trade, farming, and social life.
14th-century disease outbreaks (1 C, 1 P) F. 14th-century famines (2 P) Pages in category "14th-century health disasters" ... Black Death in Denmark; Black Death in ...
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There were some popular uprisings in Europe before the 14th century, but these were local in scope, for example uprisings at a manor house against an unpleasant overlord. This changed in the 14th and 15th centuries when new downward pressures on the poor [ clarification needed ] resulted in mass movements and popular uprisings across Europe.
After this the plague continued to return intermittently throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, in local or national outbreaks. From this point its effect became less severe, and one of the last outbreaks of the plague in England was the Great Plague of London in 1665–1666.
Because 14th-century healers and governments were at a loss to explain or stop the disease, Europeans turned to astrological forces, earthquakes and the poisoning of wells by Jews as possible reasons for outbreaks. [23] Many believed the epidemic was a punishment by God for their sins, and could be relieved by winning God's forgiveness. [154]
The ideal of chivalry continued to develop throughout the 14th century, reflected in the growth of knightly orders (including the Order of the Garter), grand tournaments and round table events. [121] Society and government in England in the early 14th century were challenged by the Great Famine and the Black Death. [122]