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Republican Party of Illinois, 497 U.S. 62 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that the First Amendment forbids a government entity from basing its decision to promote, transfer, recall, or hire low-level public employees based upon their party affiliation.
The two petitioners, Republicans, were Assistant Public Defenders fired by a newly-elected county Public Defender affiliated with the Democrats. [1] The decision here was based in part on the fact that the county Public Defender was not a policy-making position entitled to such a distinction among its employees, but the Court extended this doctrine in Rutan v.
Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347 (1976), is a United States Supreme Court decision regarding political speech of public employees. [1] The Court ruled in this case that public employees may be active members in a political party, but cannot allow patronage to be a deciding factor in work related decisions.
Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County, No. 1:69-cv-02145, is a case in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois regarding political patronage in the hiring of public officials and First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment rights.
Nine justices have served the U.S. for 155 years, since 1869. "Court packing" would be a disaster for the nation and any party that embraced it.
To further discern the justices' ideological leanings, researchers have carefully analyzed the judicial rulings of the Supreme Court—the votes and written opinions of the justices—as well as their upbringing, their political party affiliation, their speeches, their political contributions before appointment, editorials written about them at the time of their Senate confirmation, the ...
Heffernan v. City of Paterson, 578 U.S. 266 (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in 2016 concerning the First Amendment rights of public employees. By a 6–2 margin, the Court held that a public employee's constitutional rights might be violated when an employer, believing that the employee was engaging in what would be protected speech, disciplines them because of that belief, even ...
Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper: 470 U.S. 274 (1985) Residency requirements for membership in the state bar Oregon v. Elstad: 470 U.S. 298 (1985) Applying the exclusionary rule to violations of the Miranda rights Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill: 470 U.S. 532 (1985) Due process right of public employees to be heard before ...