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Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a type of encephalitis, and one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors , infections , or it may be cryptogenic . The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks.
The reactions have been diverse according to the sources of the disease [14] [15] [16] The researchers in the last report have termed the condition "human autoimmune encephalitis" (HAE). The damage in the second report fulfilled all pathological diagnostic criteria of MS and can therefore be classified as MS in its own right.
Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis: a group of viral illnesses that can affect horses and humans; collectively termed Equine encephalitis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation.
Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as encephalomyelitis. [ 2 ] The word is from Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος , enképhalos 'brain', [ 37 ] composed of ἐν , en , 'in' and κεφαλή , kephalé , 'head', and the medical suffix -itis 'inflammation'.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), or acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, is a rare autoimmune disease marked by a sudden, widespread attack of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. As well as causing the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed, ADEM also attacks the nerves of the central nervous system and damages their ...
Limbic encephalitis is associated with an autoimmune reaction. [1] In non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, this is typically due to infection (commonly herpes simplex virus) or as a systemic autoimmune disorder. [13] Limbic encephalitis associated with cancer or tumors is called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. [citation needed]
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a type of brain inflammation caused by antibodies. [4] Early symptoms may include fever , headache, and feeling tired. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This is then typically followed by psychosis which presents with false beliefs (delusions) and seeing or hearing things that others do not see or hear (hallucinations). [ 1 ]
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor antibodies, which are also associated with seizures and a movement disorder, and related to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. NAIM or "Nonvasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis" (NAIM). [16] They can be divided into GFAP- and GFAP+ cases.