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Each of the First to Third Ranks is divided into Senior (正, shō) and Junior (従, ju).The Senior First Rank (正一位, shō ichi-i) is the highest in the rank system. It is conferred mainly on a very limited number of persons recognized by the Imperial Court as most loyal to the nation during that era.
In addition to these strata, there is also a Family Court (家庭裁判所 Katei saibansho) tied to each District Court, as well as in over 200 branch offices throughout the country. Family Courts primarily deal with juvenile delinquency cases and divorce, although they have a broad jurisdiction that encompasses all forms of domestic disputes ...
(Potential justices are often 64 years old or above.) [2] This causes quick turnover of justices, which has resulted in a perception of the Court as a "nameless, faceless judiciary." [3] After appointment, Supreme Court justices are subject to a "people's review": an automatic retention referendum in which the voters may remove the judge from ...
This provision (蔭位の制 on'i no sei) existed in the Tang law, however under the Japanese ritsuryo ranks for which it was applied were higher as well as the ranks obtained by the children. The highest rank in the system was the first rank ( 一位 ichi-i ), proceeding downwards to the eighth rank ( 八位 hachi-i ), held by menials in the ...
The Twelve Level Cap and Rank System (冠位十二階, Kan'i Jūnikai), established in 603, was the first of what would be several similar cap and rank systems established during the Asuka period of Japanese history. [1] It was adapted from similar systems that were already in place in Sui dynasty China, Paekche and Koguryŏ. The officials wore ...
Taifu (大夫) was a noble title in Japan, denoting a court rank between First Rank and Fifth Rank under the Ritsuryō system. It was also commonly used to refer to a holder of Fifth Rank, but also for holders of Fourth and Fifth Rank, to differentiate from holders of First, Second and Third Rank, collectively known as kugyō.
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Kugyō (公卿) is the collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.The term generally referred to the Kō (公) and Kei (卿) court officials and denoted a court rank between First Rank and Third Rank under the Ritsuryō system, as opposed to the lower court nobility, thus being the collective term for the upper court nobility.