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A vacuum gauge is used to measure pressures lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure, which is set as the zero point, in negative values (for instance, −1 bar or −760 mmHg equals total vacuum). Most gauges measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure as the zero point, so this form of reading is simply referred to as "gauge pressure".
It is also given as inches of water gauge (iwg or in.w.g.), inches water column (inch wc, in. WC, " wc, etc. or just wc or WC), inAq, Aq, or inH 2 O. The units are conventionally used for measurement of certain pressure differentials such as small pressure differences across an orifice, or in a pipeline or shaft, [ 1 ] or before and after a ...
Firstly, Magnahelic appears to be a common misspelling of Magnehelic [1], which is a trademark owned by Dwyer instruments used to refer to their range of differential low pressure gauges. Secondly, they are used for many different applications, not the single application described in the article.
The most common ion gauge is the hot-cathode Bayard–Alpert gauge, with a small collector inside the grid. [1] A glass envelope with an opening to the vacuum can surround the electrodes, but usually the nude gauge is inserted in the vacuum chamber directly, the pins being fed through a ceramic plate in the wall of the chamber. Hot-cathode ...
The gauges that Pirani was using in the production environment were some fifty McLeod gauges, each filled with 2 kg of mercury in glass tubes. [3] Pirani was aware of the gas thermal conductivity investigations of Kundt and Warburg [4] (1875) published thirty years earlier and the work of Marian Smoluchowski [5] (1898). In 1906 he described his ...
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A pressure 5 Pa or above indicates that the duct work is connected to or leaking to the outside. A smaller pressure difference indicates greater leakage. This method does not quantify duct leakage, but serves to identify locations of ductwork runs that are leaking to the outside. It is more of a qualitative measure, used for fault isolation.
Magnetic level gauges may also be designed to accommodate severe environmental conditions up to 210 bars at 370 °C. Unlike a sight glass, magnetic level gauges do not need to be transparent and can be made out of metal, which increases the durability and operating temperature range of the device. [2]