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Lān Xāng Hôm Khāo is one romanization of the Lao name ລ້ານຊ້າງ ຮົ່ມຂາວ ([lâːn sâːŋ hōm kʰǎːw]), meaning "the Million Elephants and the White Parasol". The kingdom's name alludes to the power of the king, his ties to Laotian Buddhism , and his army's countless war elephants . [ 5 ]
The Royal system of Orders and Medals effectively ended with the fall of Laos in 1975. The Royal Orders, by their nature, remain the dynastic property of the Royal House of Laos in absentia, and are still awarded by the Royal House as a dynastic award. The honour is still awarded in recognition of dedicated services to charity and humanitarianism.
The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, the kingdom of the “million elephants,” became a regional power in the mid-fourteenth century. When king Fa Ngum held a census, there were a total of one million people, of whom 700,000 were Lao and 300,000 of other ethnicities, plus 2,500 elephants and 1,500 horses.
Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum, [30]: 223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered some Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane.
With the support of Jayavarman IX, Fa Ngum returned to Muang Sua with a 10,000 armed men to gain control and consolidate his kingdom. Princess Kèo Kèngkanya later died from plague, while he was campaigning North against the Mongols. In 1353, Fa Ngum founded the kingdom of Lan Xang Hôm Khao—"land of one million elephants and a white parasol."
Also known as the "Land of a million elephants under the white parasol" the kingdom's name alludes to the power of the kingship and formidable war machine of the early kingdom. The founding of Lan Xang was recorded in 1353, after a series of conquests by Fa Ngum .
The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao (Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ ຮົ່ມຂາວ; /laːn˥˧ saːŋ˥˧ hom˧ khaːw˥/; "Million Elephants and White Parasols") existed as a unified kingdom from 1354 to 1707. For three and a half centuries, Lan Xang was one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The meaning of the kingdom's name ...
Kingdom of Laos: The Land of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol. Saigon: France-Asie. Dore, Amphay (1987). Aux sources de la civilisation Lao: Contribution ethno-historique a a connaissance de la culture louang phrabanaise (Doctoral Thesis ed.). Paris: Cercle de la Culture et de Recherches Laotiennes.