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Macroscopic quantum phenomena are processes showing quantum behavior at the macroscopic scale, rather than at the atomic scale where quantum effects are prevalent. The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity ; other examples include the quantum Hall effect , Josephson effect and topological ...
Quantum turbulence [1] [2] is the name given to the turbulent flow – the chaotic motion of a fluid at high flow rates – of quantum fluids, such as superfluids. The idea that a form of turbulence might be possible in a superfluid via the quantized vortex lines was first suggested by Richard Feynman .
A quantum number beginning in n = 3,ℓ = 0, describes an electron in the s orbital of the third electron shell of an atom. In chemistry, this quantum number is very important, since it specifies the shape of an atomic orbital and strongly influences chemical bonds and bond angles. The azimuthal quantum number can also denote the number of ...
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.
Quantum state tomography is a process by which, given a set of data representing the results of quantum measurements, a quantum state consistent with those measurement results is computed. [50] It is named by analogy with tomography , the reconstruction of three-dimensional images from slices taken through them, as in a CT scan .
The phase-space formulation is a formulation of quantum mechanics that places the position and momentum variables on equal footing in phase space.The two key features of the phase-space formulation are that the quantum state is described by a quasiprobability distribution (instead of a wave function, state vector, or density matrix) and operator multiplication is replaced by a star product.
In theoretical physics, the Madelung equations, or the equations of quantum hydrodynamics, are Erwin Madelung's alternative formulation of the Schrödinger equation for a spinless non relativistic particle, written in terms of hydrodynamical variables, similar to the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics. [1]
Any possible choice of parts will yield a valid interaction picture; but in order for the interaction picture to be useful in simplifying the analysis of a problem, the parts will typically be chosen so that H 0,S is well understood and exactly solvable, while H 1,S contains some harder-to-analyze perturbation to this system.