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A 2014 meta-analysis of 99 studies from 1960 to 2011 found that men are seen as more effective in the oldest studies, and women are seen as more effective between 1982 and 2011. Evaluations by other people find that women are more effective leaders than men, especially in business and educational contexts and at mid-level and upper-level positions.
Males are more dominant than females, and they possess more political power and occupy higher status positions illustrating the iron law of androcracy. [18] As a role gets more powerful, Putnam’s law of increasing disproportion [19] becomes applicable and the probability the role is occupied by a hegemonic group member increases. [20] [21]
Women achieve disproportionately less prestige and success in academia than their male counterparts. [41] They are less likely to be tenured and to receive promotions to more influential or powerful positions. [42] Women in academia also earn a lower income, on average, than their male counterparts, even when adjusted. [42]
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Furthermore, body control, posture, lean, and openness all were found to relate to dominance. For instance, Dunbar and Burgoon (2005) found that the more body control a woman had the more observers perceived her as dominant (.27) and that in general the most powerful are also the most facially expressive and the least controlled in their body.
New Nobel Prize winner Claudia Goldin says ‘greedy jobs’ are becoming more accessible to women—but companies need to stay flexible Chloe Taylor October 13, 2023 at 7:42 AM
By 2021, the most recent year for which the American Medical Association (AMA) has data, more than 37 percent were. That figure remains far short of gender parity, however.
Dominant men display signs of possessing high-quality genes and thus potentially producing genetically healthy offspring, often resulting in women viewing them as being desirable for immediate sexual intercourse. [19] However, dominant men are often unreliable as stable long-term providers and romantic partners. [19]