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LDL cholesterol is produced naturally by the body, but eating a diet high in saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol can increase LDL levels. [43] Elevated LDL levels are associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and atherosclerosis. In a fasting lipid panel, a LDL greater than 160 mg/dL is abnormal. [37] [39]
In FH, LDL receptor function is reduced or absent, [9] and LDL circulates for an average duration of 4.5 days, resulting in significantly increased level of LDL cholesterol in the blood with normal levels of other lipoproteins. [6] In mutations of ApoB, reduced binding of LDL particles to the receptor causes the increased level of LDL cholesterol.
By blocking the HMGR enzyme they inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway. The end result is lower LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (Triglycerides) and total cholesterol levels as well as increased HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) levels in serum. [2] [3] [4]
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. [1]
Cholesterol ratio: This ratio compares the levels of LDL to HDL. Trans fat behaves like saturated fat by raising the level of LDL, but, unlike saturated fat, it has the additional effect of decreasing levels of HDL. The net increase in LDL/HDL ratio with trans fat is approximately double that due to saturated fat. [76] [77] [78] (Higher ratios ...
On the other hand, simvastatin can reduce the synthesis of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and increase the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol). Together, niacin and simvastatin reduce the level of LDL cholesterol and increases the level of HDL cholesterol, [23] therefore managing hypercholesterolemia effectively.
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