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Efficient and safe delivery of saRNA into target cells remains a critical hurdle, with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and other delivery systems currently being optimized to address this issue. Ensuring the long-term safety of saRNA is also important, and ongoing research is focused on minimizing potential side effects and immune reactions.
To identify an saRNA that can activate a gene of interest, several saRNAs need to be designed within a 1- to 2-kbp promoter region by following a set of rules [3] [4] and tested in cultured cells. In some reports, saRNAs are designed in such a way to target non-coding transcripts that overlap the promoter sequence of a protein coding gene.
The first saRNA Covid vaccine authorised was Gemcovac, in India in June 2022. [102] The second was ARCT-154, developed by Arcturus Therapeutics. A version manufactured by Meiji Seika Pharma was authorised in Japan in November 2023. [103] GSK began a phase 1 trial of an saRNA COVID-19 vaccine in 2021. [104]
[51] [56] Most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and resolve within a few days. [2] [57] Common side effects include mild to moderate pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headaches. [58] [59] Reports of serious side effects, such as allergic reactions, remain very rare [a] with no long-term complications documented. [2] [61]
Beneficial side effects are less common; some examples, in many cases of side-effects that ultimately gained regulatory approval as intended effects, are: Bevacizumab ( Avastin ), used to slow the growth of blood vessels, has been used against dry age-related macular degeneration , as well as macular edema from diseases such as diabetic ...
Potential side effects of the 2023 vaccine: This fall’s updated COVID vaccine is new, but it does not produce new, unknown or harsher side effects. “I get that people might be worried about ...