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Rifling of a 105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 tank gun Conventional rifling of a 90 mm M75 cannon (production year 1891, Austria-Hungary) Rifling in a GAU-8 autocannon. Rifling is the term for helical grooves machined into the internal surface of a firearms's barrel for imparting a spin to a projectile to improve its aerodynamic stability and accuracy.
A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the barrel walls.The raised areas of the rifling are called "lands," which make contact with the projectile (for small arms usage, called a bullet), imparting spin around an axis corresponding to the orientation of the weapon.
Conventional eight groove rifling on the left, and octagonal polygonal rifling on the right. Polygonal rifling (/ p ə ˈ l ɪ ɡ ə n əl / pə-LIG-ə-nəl) is a type of gun barrel rifling where the traditional sharp-edged "lands and grooves" are replaced by less pronounced "hills and valleys", so the barrel bore has a polygonal (usually hexagonal or octagonal) cross-sectional profile.
Caliber/calibre: In small arms, the internal diameter of a firearm's barrel or a cartridge's bullet, usually expressed in millimeters or hundredths of an inch; in measuring rifled barrels this may be measured across the lands (.303 British) or grooves (.308 Winchester) or; a specific cartridge for which a firearm is chambered, such as .45 ACP or .357 Magnum.
The rifling was the Woolwich pattern of a relatively small number of broad, rounded shallow grooves : there were 6 grooves, increasing from 0 to 1 turn in 45 calibres (i.e. 405 in (1,030 cm)).
Fluting is the removal of material from a cylindrical surface in a firearm, usually creating grooves. This is most often the barrel of a rifle , though it may also refer to the cylinder of a revolver or the bolt of a bolt action rifle.
The Brunswick rifle used a block front sight and a two position folding leaf rear sight which could be set for either 200 or 300 yards (180 or 270 m). [5] The rifle weighed approximately 9 to 10 lb (4.1 to 4.5 kg) (depending on the pattern) without the bayonet attached.
A James pattern solid shot. The “birdcage” at the base would have been covered by sheet lead which, upon firing the gun, would have expanded into the grooves of the rifling. James rifle is a generic term to describe any artillery gun rifled to the James pattern for use in the American Civil War, as used in some period documentation.