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Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (), [16] meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. [17]
The Java platform is a suite of programs that facilitate developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. A Java platform includes an execution engine (called a virtual machine), a compiler and a set of libraries; there may also be additional servers and alternative libraries that depend on the requirements.
The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library.Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform.
Java has an expressive system of references and allows for special behavior for garbage collection. A normal reference in Java is known as a "strong reference". The java.lang.ref package defines three other types of references—soft, weak, and phantom references. Each type of reference is designed for a specific use.
The Java software platform provides a number of features designed for improving the security of Java applications. This includes enforcing runtime constraints through the use of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), a security manager that sandboxes untrusted code from the rest of the operating system, and a suite of security APIs that Java developers can utilise.
The Java Foundation Classes are comparable to the Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC). JFC is an extension of the original Java Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT). Using JFC and Swing, an additional set of program components, a programmer can write programs that are independent of the windowing system within a particular operating system.
Many widely used languages, such as C++, Java, and Python, provide object-oriented features. Although in the past object-oriented programming was widely accepted, [ 53 ] more recently essays criticizing object-oriented programming and recommending the avoidance of these features (generally in favor of functional programming ) have been very ...
Java only allocates memory via object instantiation. Arbitrary memory blocks may be allocated in Java as an array of bytes. Java and C++ use different idioms for resource management. Java relies mainly on garbage collection, which can reclaim memory, [7] while C++ relies mainly on the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) idiom. This is ...