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Some components that a thermal engineer could work with include heat exchangers, heat sinks, bi-metals strips, and radiators. Some systems that require a thermal engineer include boilers, heat pumps, water pumps, and engines. Part of being a thermal engineer is to improve a current system and make it more efficient than the current system.
A heat spreader transfers energy as heat from a hotter source to a colder heat sink or heat exchanger. There are two thermodynamic types, passive and active. The most common sort of passive heat spreader is a plate or block of material having high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, or diamond. An active heat spreader speeds up heat ...
Diagramatic operation of a thermal wheel Ljungström Air Preheater by Swedish engineer Fredrik Ljungström (1875–1964). A thermal wheel, also known as a rotary heat exchanger, or rotary air-to-air enthalpy wheel, energy recovery wheel, or heat recovery wheel, is a type of energy recovery heat exchanger positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of air-handling units or rooftop ...
Generally, forced convection heat sink thermal performance is improved by increasing the thermal conductivity of the heat sink materials, increasing the surface area (usually by adding extended surfaces, such as fins or foam metal) and by increasing the overall area heat transfer coefficient (usually by increase fluid velocity, such as adding ...
Aluminum is the most prominently used heat sink material because of its lower cost. [46] Copper heat sinks are a necessity when higher levels of thermal conductivity are needed. An alternative to all-copper or all-aluminum heat sinks is the joining of aluminum fins to a copper base. [47] Copper heat sinks are die-cast and bound together in ...
The heat sink thermal resistance model consists of two resistances, namely the resistance in the heat sink base, , and the resistance in the fins, . The heat sink base thermal resistance, , can be written as follows if the source is a uniformly applied the heat sink base. If it is not, then the base resistance is primarily spreading resistance: