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The Inland Freight Equalization Margin (IFEM) is a regulatory measure implemented in Pakistan to equalize the price of petroleum products across different regions of the country. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It includes the costs for refineries to transport crude oil from its source to their facilities, as well as the expenses for Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs ...
This includes the resources it takes for exploration, to remove it from the ground, and transport it. Between 2004 and 2008, there was an increase in fuel costs due in large part to a worldwide increase in demand for crude oil. Prices leapt from $35 to $140 per barrel ($220 to $880/m 3), causing a corresponding increase in gas prices. [15]
Pakistan State Oil Company Limited is a Pakistani petroleum public company involved in procurement, storage, marketing and distribution of petroleum and related products. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It has a network of 3,689 petroleum filling stations , out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers.
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Oil traders, Houston, 2009 Nominal price of oil from 1861 to 2020 from Our World in Data. The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel (159 litres) of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil ...
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In 2004, Pakistan Petroleum was listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange, following an initial public offering at PKR 55 per share. [4] In 2012, Pakistan Petroleum acquired MND operations in Pakistan for $180 million. [5] Later, it was unearthened that Pakistan Petroleum paid twice the market value and this resulted in the loss of PKR 6.21 billion. [6]
[22] [23] During the PTI period, Pakistan's total debt and liabilities increased by 80% while during three quarters of Fiscal Year 2021-22 the trade deficit rose 70% to $35.4 billion. [24] Due to high oil prices in the international market, Pakistan's oil import bill increased by 95.9% to $17.03 billion in the last ten-months of the PTI ...