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The Birmingham riot of 1963 was a civil disorder and riot in Birmingham, Alabama, that was provoked by bombings on the night of May 11, 1963. The bombings targeted African-American leaders of the Birmingham campaign. In response, local African-Americans burned businesses and fought police throughout the downtown area.
The Birmingham campaign, the March on Washington in August, the September bombing of the 16th Street Baptist church, and the November assassination of John F. Kennedy—an ardent supporter of the civil rights cause who had proposed a Civil Rights Act of 1963 on national television [76] —increased worldwide awareness of and sympathy toward the ...
Birmingham, Alabama was, in 1963, "probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States", according to King. [8] Although the city's population of almost 350,000 was 60% white and 40% black, [9] Birmingham had no black police officers, firefighters, sales clerks in department stores, bus drivers, bank tellers, or store cashiers.
Read CNN’s 1963 Birmingham Church Bombing Fast Facts and learn more about the attack on an Alabama church that killed four African-American girls.
1963 April 3: Birmingham campaign for civil rights begins. [25] April 16: Martin Luther King Jr. writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail", first published in June 1963 issues of Liberation, [26] The Christian Century, [27] and The New Leader. May: Birmingham riot of 1963. September 15: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. [12] [28]
Sewell hosted a virtual discussion featuring Lisa McNair, whose sister was one of the four girls killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing.
The Children's Crusade, or Children's March, was a march by over 1,000 school students in Birmingham, Alabama on May 2–10, 1963. Initiated and organized by Rev. James Bevel, the purpose of the march was to walk downtown to talk to the mayor about segregation in their city.
Most adults were working for bosses who openly threatened their jobs with termination for participating in the demonstrations. On May 2, 1963, the first youths and students walked out of the 16th Street Baptist Church and attempted to march to Birmingham's City Hall to talk to the Mayor. By the end of the day, 959 children, ranging from ages 6 ...