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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. [1] [2] First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid.
However, most infections with M. tuberculosis do not cause disease, [169] and 90–95% of infections remain asymptomatic. [87] In 2012, an estimated 8.6 million chronic cases were active. [170] In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred (most of these occurring in developing countries).
In 2014, results of a new DNA study of a tuberculosis genome reconstructed from remains in southern Peru suggest that human tuberculosis is less than 6,000 years old. Even if researchers theorise that humans first acquired it in Africa about 5,000 years ago, [1] there is evidence that the first tuberculosis infection happened about 9,000 years ...
Alan L. Hart (also known as Robert Allen Bamford Jr., October 4, 1890 – July 1, 1962) was an American physician, radiologist, tuberculosis researcher, writer, and novelist. Hart pioneered the use of X-ray photography in tuberculosis detection; he worked in sanitariums and X-ray clinics in New Mexico, Illinois, Washington, and Idaho.
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Tuberculosis spreads through the air from one person to another. Someone with an active infection can put the germs into the air when they cough, speak, or sing. Those germs can hang out in the ...
The numbers of reported cases rose slightly from 8,320 in 2022 to 9,615 in 2023, and the rate of TB rose from 2.5 cases per 100,000 people in 2022 to 2.9 in 2023.
1921 – First vaccine for tuberculosis by Albert Calmette [9] [10] 1923 – First vaccine for diphtheria by Gaston Ramon, Emil von Behring and Kitasato ShibasaburÅ; 1924 – First vaccine for scarlet fever by George F. Dick and Gladys Dick; 1924 – First inactive vaccine for tetanus (tetanus toxoid, TT) by Gaston Ramon, C. Zoeller and P ...