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Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, the claustrum, and the thalamus, in addition to many regions of the cerebral cortex. A primary function of the putamen is to regulate movements at various stages such as in preparation and execution; and to influence various types of learning .
The lenticular fasciculus is composed of fibers that pass from the internal part of the globus pallidus, through the posterior limb of the internal capsule, around the zona incerta. These fibers connect with the fibers of the ansa lenticularis in the field H of Forel to form the thalamic fasciculus.
The globus pallidus is a structure in the brain involved in the regulation of voluntary movement. [8] It is part of the basal ganglia, which, among many other functions, regulate movements that occur on the subconscious level. The globus pallidus has a predominantly inhibitory effect on movement regulation, balancing cerebellar excitation.
The lentiform nucleus (or lentiform complex, lenticular nucleus, or lenticular complex) are the putamen (laterally) and the globus pallidus (medially), collectively. Due to their proximity, these two structures were formerly considered one, however, the two are separated by a thin layer of white matter—the external medullary lamina—and are functionally and connectionally distinct.
The internal globus pallidus (GPi) or medial globus pallidus is only found in the primate brain and so is a younger portion of the globus pallidus. Like the GPe and the substantia nigra the GPi is a fast-spiking pacemaker but its activity does not show the long intervals of silence seen in the others.
The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
A hyperintensity or T2 hyperintensity is an area of high intensity on types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a human or of another mammal that reflect lesions produced largely by demyelination and axonal loss.
The names given to the various nuclei of the basal ganglia are different in different species. In cats and rodents the internal globus pallidus is known as the entopeduncular nucleus. [63] In birds the striatum is called the paleostriatum augmentatum and the external globus pallidus is called the paleostriatum primitivum.