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Tooth extraction is the major risk factor for development of MRONJ. Prevention including the maintenance of good oral hygiene, comprehensive dental examination and dental treatment including extraction of teeth of poor prognosis and dentoalveolar surgery should completed prior to commencing any medication which is likely to cause osteonecrosis ...
Pain, inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue, secondary infection or drainage may or may not be present. The development of lesions is most frequent after invasive dental procedures, such as extractions, and is also known to occur spontaneously. There may be no symptoms for weeks or months, until lesions with exposed bone appear. [5]
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
The menstrual cycle could be a determinant risk factor in the frequency of alveolar osteitis. Studies have shown that because of hormonal changes, women in the middle of menstrual cycle and the ones taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills) have a higher tendency of having alveolar osteitis after their tooth extraction surgery.
In order to obtain permission from patient for extraction of tooth, the dentist should explain that other treatment options are available, what is involved in the dental extraction procedure, the potential risks of the procedure and the benefits of the procedure. [2] The process of gaining consent should be documented in clinical notes. [2]
Coronectomy should be considered if there are signs that the patient is at a high risk of nerve damage during extraction: Lower wisdom tooth is shown to be close to the inferior alveolar canal radiographically: [6] Signs of narrowing or diversion of the canal; Roots are darkened/ Canal is interrupted; Interruption of lamina dura
After tooth extraction, the residual crest irregularities, undercuts or bone spicules should be removed, because they may result in an obstruction in placing a prosthetic restorative appliance. Recontouring can be made at the time of extraction or at a later time.
The prognosis for the second molar is good following the wisdom teeth removal with the likelihood of bone loss after surgery increased when the extractions are completed in people who are 25 years of age or older. A treatment controversy exists about the need for and timing of the removal of disease-free impacted wisdom teeth.