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A comparison of transport proteins [1]. An antiporter (also called exchanger or counter-transporter) is an integral membrane protein that uses secondary active transport to move two or more molecules in opposite directions across a phospholipid membrane.
Cotransporters are a subcategory of membrane transport proteins (transporters) that couple the favorable movement of one molecule with its concentration gradient and unfavorable movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient.
The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na +) by allowing Na + to flow down its gradient across the plasma membrane in exchange for the countertransport of calcium ions (Ca 2+).
The NKCC1 isoform consists of about 1,200 amino acids, with about 500 amino acids residues giving rise to twelve hydrophobic transmembrane regions. [5] However, evidence of a shorter NKCC1 mRNA transcript (6.7 kb to 7-7.5 kb) in skeletal muscle cells gives support that further NKCC1 variants exists in a tissue-specific manner. [6]
Mediated transport refers to cellular transport mediated at the lipid bilayer through phospholipid interactions, or more frequently membrane transport proteins.Substances in the human body may be hydrophobic, electrophilic, contain a positively or negatively charge, or have another property.
Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (or sodium-glucose linked transporter, SGLT) are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron (SGLT2 in PCT and SGLT1 in PST).
In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.
Active transport is the process of moving molecules from an area of low concentrations to an area of high concentration. There are two types of active transport, primary active transport and secondary active transport.