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  2. Ecological facilitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_facilitation

    For example, seed germination and survival in harsh environments is often higher under so-called nurse plants than on open ground. [1] [3] A nurse plant is one with an established canopy, beneath which germination and survival are more likely due to increased shade, soil moisture, and nutrients. Thus, the relationship between seedlings and ...

  3. Species–area relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species–area_relationship

    The species–area relationship or species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area. Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species, and empirically, the relative numbers seem to follow systematic mathematical relationships. [1]

  4. Competition (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_(biology)

    Competition can cause species to evolve differences in traits. This occurs because the individuals of a species with traits similar to competing species always experience strong interspecific competition. These individuals have less reproduction and survival than individuals with traits that differ from their competitors.

  5. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.

  6. Biogeography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography

    Biogeography now incorporates many different fields including but not limited to physical geography, geology, botany and plant biology, zoology, general biology, and modelling. A biogeographer's main focus is on how the environment and humans affect the distribution of species as well as other manifestations of Life such as species or genetic ...

  7. Survival analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_analysis

    Survival analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the expected duration of time until one event occurs, such as death in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems. This topic is called reliability theory , reliability analysis or reliability engineering in engineering , duration analysis or duration modelling in economics ...

  8. Community (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)

    A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.

  9. Lotka–Volterra equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka–Volterra_equations

    The same set of equations was published in 1926 by Vito Volterra, a mathematician and physicist, who had become interested in mathematical biology. [13] [18] [19] Volterra's enquiry was inspired through his interactions with the marine biologist Umberto D'Ancona, who was courting his daughter at the time and later was to become his son-in-law.