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  2. Nerve injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_injury

    This type of nerve damage may cause paralysis of the motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, and is mainly seen in crush injury. [2] If the force creating the nerve damage is removed in a timely fashion, the axon may regenerate, leading to recovery. Electrically, the nerve shows rapid and complete degeneration, with loss of voluntary motor units.

  3. Denervation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denervation

    Denervation can occur as a consequence of nerve injury. The three primary categories of nerve injury are neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis, each corresponding to varying degrees of damage and potential for recovery. In cases of nerve injury, the brain demonstrates an impressive ability to rewire or reorganize its neuronal circuitry ...

  4. Upper motor neuron lesion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron_lesion

    Conversely, a lower motor neuron lesion affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the cranial motor nuclei to the relevant muscle(s). [ 1 ] Upper motor neuron lesions occur in the brain or the spinal cord as the result of stroke , multiple sclerosis , traumatic brain injury , cerebral palsy , atypical ...

  5. Nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system

    A command neuron is a special type of identified neuron, defined as a neuron that is capable of driving a specific behavior individually. [37] Such neurons appear most commonly in the fast escape systems of various species—the squid giant axon and squid giant synapse , used for pioneering experiments in neurophysiology because of their ...

  6. Microglia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia

    Accumulation of minor neuronal damage that occurs during normal aging can transform microglia into enlarged and activated cells. [41] These chronic, age-associated increases in microglial activation and IL-1 expression may contribute to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease with advancing age through favoring neuritic plaque formation in ...

  7. Neuroregeneration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroregeneration

    Guillain–Barré syndrome – nerve damage. Neuroregeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) occurs to a significant degree. [5] [6] After an injury to the axon, peripheral neurons activate a variety of signaling pathways which turn on pro-growth genes, leading to reformation of a functional growth cone and regeneration.

  8. Brain injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_injury

    The brain damage caused by radiation depends on where the brain tumor is located, the amount of radiation used, and the duration of the treatment. Radiosurgery can also lead to tissue damage that results in about 1 in 20 patients requiring a second operation to remove the damaged tissue. [27] [28]

  9. Nociceptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptor

    The neural crest is responsible for a large part of early development in vertebrates. It is specifically responsible for development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The neural-crest stem cells split from the neural tube as it closes, and nociceptors grow from the dorsal part of this neural-crest tissue. They form late during neurogenesis.