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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
These ubiquitous redox domains, in various combinations, are widely distributed in biological systems. FMN domain, ferredoxin or cytochrome b 5 transfer electrons between the flavin reductase (protein or domain) and P450. While P450-containing systems are found throughout all kingdoms of life, some organisms lack one or more of these redox domains.
The two electrons on reduced FAD (FADH 2) are transferred one at a time to FMN and then a single electron is passed from FMN to the heme of the P450. [ 24 ] The P450 systems that are located in the mitochondria are dependent on two electron transfer proteins: An FAD containing adrenodoxin reductase (AR) and a small iron-sulfur group containing ...
Oxidative phosphorylation in the eukaryotic mitochondrion is the best-understood example of this process. The mitochondrion is present in almost all eukaryotes, with the exception of anaerobic protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis that instead reduce protons to hydrogen in a remnant mitochondrion called a hydrogenosome .
The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphosphate to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and, in other circumstances, is found as flavin mononucleotide (or FMN), a phosphorylated form of riboflavin. It is in one or the other of these forms that flavin is present as a prosthetic group in flavoproteins.
90 flavoproteins are encoded in the human genome; about 84% require FAD and around 16% require FMN, whereas 5 proteins require both. [4] Flavoproteins are mainly located in the mitochondria . [ 4 ] Of all flavoproteins, 90% perform redox reactions and the other 10% are transferases , lyases , isomerases , ligases .
In enzymology, an FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction FMNH 2 + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } FMN + NAD(P)H + H + The 3 substrates of this enzyme are FMNH2 , NAD + , and NADP + , whereas its 4 products are FMN , NADH , NADPH , and H + .
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide ... FMN reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.5.1.38, FRP, flavin reductase P, ...