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The Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, often abbreviated as SWPPP or SW3P, is a plan created by constructors to show their plans for sediment and erosion control. [1] Typically these plans are part of an overall design that details procedures to be followed during various phases of construction.
Beginning in the 20th century, designers of industrial and municipal sewage pollution controls typically utilized engineered systems (e.g. filters, clarifiers, biological reactors) to provide the central components of pollution control systems, and used the term "BMPs" to describe the supporting functions for these systems, such as operator training and equipment maintenance.
To address the nationwide problem of stormwater pollution, Congress broadened the CWA definition of "point source" in 1987 to include industrial stormwater discharges and municipal separate storm sewer systems ("MS4"). [30] These facilities are required to obtain NPDES permits. This 1987 expansion was promulgated in two phases.
Stormwater, also written storm water, is water that originates from precipitation , including heavy rain and meltwater from hail and snow. Stormwater can soak into the soil ( infiltrate ) and become groundwater , be stored on depressed land surface in ponds and puddles , evaporate back into the atmosphere, or contribute to surface runoff .
Silt fence installed up-slope of a vegetated stream buffer. A silt fence, sometimes (misleadingly) called a filter fence, [1] is a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff.
Terraces, conservation tillage, and conservation buffers save soil and improve water quality on this Iowa farm. Hydroseeding in the United Kingdom Tateyama SabÅ Erosion Control Works Service Train (description page) Erosion control construction entrance (description page)
In urban areas, contaminated storm water washed off of parking lots, roads and highways, called urban runoff, is usually included under the category of non-point sources (it can become a point source if it is channeled into storm drain systems and discharged through pipes to local surface waters).
Stormwater permits typically require facilities to prepare a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and implement best management practices, but do not specify numeric effluent limits and may not include regular monitoring requirements. Some permits cover both stormwater and non-stormwater discharges.