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Muscle and soft tissue injuries can be classified using a graded system. [4] Grade 1 muscle strain is the least severe with damage to few muscle fibers and little if any loss of function. Grade 2 muscle strain indicates a mild to moderate injury with appreciable tissue damage and some loss of function or strength.
By far the most common cause of back pain is muscle strain. The back muscles can usually heal themselves within a couple of weeks, but the pain can be intense and debilitating. Other common sources of back pain include disc problems, such as degenerative disc disease or a lumbar disc herniation, many types of fractures, such as ...
Although bone tissue contains no pain receptors, a bone fracture is painful for several reasons: [4] Breaking in the continuity of the periosteum, with or without similar discontinuity in endosteum, as both contain multiple pain receptors. Edema and hematoma of nearby soft tissues caused by ruptured bone marrow evokes pressure pain.
Clay-shoveler fracture – fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae; Burst fracture – in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load; Compression fracture – a collapse of a vertebra, often resulting in the form of a wedge-shape due to larger compression ...
The thoracolumbar fascia is thought to be involved in load transfer between the trunk and limb (it is tensioned by the action of the latissimus dorsi muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, and the hamstring muscles), and lifting. [1]: 814–815 It is endowed with nociceptive receptors, and may be involved in some forms of back pain. [1]: 814–815
The term “flat bone” is something of a misnomer because, although a flat bone is typically thin, it is also often curved. Examples include the cranial (skull) bones, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs. Flat bones serve as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs.
The latissimus dorsi (/ l ə ˈ t ɪ s ɪ m ə s ˈ d ɔːr s aɪ /) is a large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm, and is partly covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline.
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...