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The social structure of the United Kingdom has historically been highly influenced by the concept of social class, which continues to affect British society today. [1] [2] British society, like its European neighbours and most societies in world history, was traditionally (before the Industrial Revolution) divided hierarchically within a system that involved the hereditary transmission of ...
Employers typically were paternalistic and generally recognised the trade unions. [6] Companies provided their employees with welfare services ranging from housing, schools and churches, to libraries, baths, and gymnasia. Middle-class reformers did their best to assist the working classes' aspirations to middle-class norms of "respectability".
The rise of the middle class during the era had a formative effect on its character; the historian Walter E. Houghton reflects that "once the middle class attained political as well as financial eminence, their social influence became decisive. The Victorian frame of mind is largely composed of their characteristic modes of thought and feeling".
The middle class grew rapidly in the 18th century, especially in the cities. [42] At the top of the scale, the legal profession succeeded first, establishing specialist training and associations, and was soon followed by the medical profession. The merchant class prospered with imperial trade.
The international slave trade was abolished, and this ban was enforced by the Royal Navy. Slavery was ended in all the British colonies, child labour was ended in British factories, and a long debate ensued regarding whether prostitution should be totally abolished or tightly regulated.
Yet the British economy will be profoundly affected by this nascent global trade war. No one knows how it will end, except that it will lead to mutual impoverishment across the world and a further ...
Here are little luxuries that could become more accessible to the middle class when Trump assumes office. Consider This: 4 Economic Shakeups That Could Happen on Day 1 of Trump’s Presidency
The uneven path of British Liberalism: From Jo Grimond to Brexit (2nd ed. 2019). Laybourn, Keith. "The rise of Labour and the decline of Liberalism: the state of the debate." History 80.259 (1995): 207–226, historiography. Mehta, Uday Singh. Liberalism and empire: A study in nineteenth-century British liberal thought (U of Chicago Press, 1999).