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Placental pathology (velamentous insertion, succenturiate lobes, bipartite i.e. bilobed placenta etc.) [13] Baby is in an unusual position: breech (buttocks first) or transverse (lying horizontally across the womb). Placenta previa is itself a risk factor of placenta accreta. Alcohol use during pregnancy was previously listed as a risk factor ...
Along with placenta previa and uterine rupture it is one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding in the later part of pregnancy. [6] Placental abruption is the reason for about 15% of infant deaths around the time of birth. [ 2 ]
Tobacco use: During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. [68] Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%. [69] Prenatal cocaine exposure: Associated with premature birth, birth defects and attention deficit disorder.
Doctors have a clear message for mothers: Stop eating your placenta, or risk your newborn baby's health.
The onset of the disease within the first trimester leads to preterm delivery of a premature baby. [14] Preeclampsia is diagnosed in 3-5% of pregnancies that place them at risk of developing placental disease. [6] Ischemic placental disease is linked with approximately more than half of premature births. [4]
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
If placenta previa is present at the time of delivery, vaginal delivery is contraindicated because the placenta is blocking the fetus's passageway to the vaginal canal. Herpes simplex virus with active genital lesions or prodromal symptoms is a contraindication for vaginal delivery so as to avoid mother-fetal transfer of HSV lesions.
Placenta praevia refers to when the placenta of a growing foetus is attached abnormally low within the uterus. Intermittent antepartum haemorrhaging occurs in 72% of women living with placenta praevia. [6] The severity of a patient's placenta praevia depends on the location of placental attachment;