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Brownish lines, the striae of Retzius, develop as a result of a change in the growth process. Macroscopically, these lines can be seen on the labial surface or lip side of anterior or front teeth as horizontal lines on the tooth crown, also known as perikymata or "imbrication lines" . [1]
Striae of Retzius are incremental lines that appear brown in a stained section of mature enamel. These lines are composed of bands or cross striations on the enamel rods that, when combined in longitudinal sections, seem to traverse the enamel rods. [10]
Severe fluorosis is characterized by brown discoloration and discrete or confluent pitting; brown stains are widespread and teeth often present a corroded-looking appearance. [ 1 ] People with fluorosis are relatively resistant to dental caries (tooth decay caused by bacteria), [ 2 ] although there may be cosmetic concern. [ 2 ]
Cross-sectional diagram of a molar tooth. 1: crown, 2: root, 3: enamel, 4: dentin and dentin tubules, 5: pulp chamber, 6: blood vessels and nerve within root canal, 7: periodontal ligament, 8: apex and periapical region, 9: alveolar bone VITA classical A1-D4 shade guide arranged according to value VITA classical A1-D4 shade guide arranged according to chroma; A: red-brown, B: red-yellow, C ...
Perikymata (Greek plural of περικύμα, perikyma) are incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of tooth enamel as a series of linear grooves. [1] In anatomically modern humans, each perikyma takes approximately 6–12 days to form. Thus, the count of perikymata may be used to assess how long a tooth crown took to form.
The neonatal line is the demarcation between the enamel formation before birth and after birth i.e., prenatal and postnatal enamel respectively. [1] It is caused by the different physiologic changes at birth and is used to identify enamel formation before and after birth. The position of the neonatal line differs from tooth to tooth [2]
Dental plaque is a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth.It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but when it forms tartar, it is often brown or pale yellow.
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.