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Jablonski diagram of FRET with typical timescales indicated. The black dashed line indicates a virtual photon.. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores). [1]
A scheme of a typical smFRET experiment (A), FRET distance curve. r is the average distance between the two dyes during the time in collecting one data point. (B), and a time trajectory (C). Single-molecule FRET measurements are typically performed on fluorescence microscopes , either using surface-immobilized or freely-diffusing molecules.
In practice, FRET systems are characterized by the Förster's radius (R 0): the distance between the fluorophores at which FRET efficiency is 50%. For many FRET fluorophore pairs, R 0 lies between 20 and 90 Å, depending on the acceptor used and the spatial arrangements of the fluorophores within the assay. [1]
Persistence length measurement of single stranded DNA is viable by various tools. Most of them have been done by incorporation of the worm-like chain model. For example, two ends of single stranded DNA were tagged by donor and acceptor dyes to measure average end to end distance which is represented as FRET efficiency.
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Molecular geometries can be specified in terms of 'bond lengths', 'bond angles' and 'torsional angles'. The bond length is defined to be the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms bonded together in any given molecule. A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.