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It is a complex, bacterial or viral infection that causes pneumonia in calves which can be fatal. It also affects many other species of feedlot animals like sheep and pigs, but is most prominent in calves. [2] The infection is usually a sum of three codependent factors: stress, an underlying viral infection, and a new bacterial infection. [3]
A CDC infographic on how antibiotic-resistant bacteria have the potential to spread from farm animals. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [1]), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
It is used to treat urinary tract infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, travelers' diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, and cholera, among others. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] It is used both to treat and prevent pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in people with HIV/AIDS and other causes of immunosuppression. [ 2 ]
Mycoplasma bovis causes a constellation of diseases, including mastitis in dairy cows, arthritis in cows and calves, pneumonia in calves, and various other diseases likely including late-term abortion. Not all infected cows get sick – some shed the disease without becoming ill, allowing for transmission between farms if apparently healthy ...
Other infections such as pododermatitis (foot rot) and septicaemias [1] In swine, it is used to treat: Respiratory tract infections such as bacterial pneumonias [1] Alimentary tract infections such as post-weaning scours and colibacillosis [1] Other infections such as bacterial arthritis and mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome in sows. [1]
Cefotaxime is an antibiotic used to treat several bacterial infections in humans, other animals, and plant tissue culture. [3] Specifically in humans it is used to treat joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, gonorrhea, and cellulitis. [3]
Infection usually results in disease of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Infection may also cause ocular or generalised signs and may contribute to enzootic pneumonia, depending on the serotype of the virus. However, infection may not always result in disease as the virus can be isolated in healthy cattle.
Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial pneumonia, with ventilation (oxygen supplement) as supportive therapy. The antibiotic choice depends on the nature of the pneumonia, the microorganisms most commonly causing pneumonia in the geographical region, and the immune status and underlying health of the individual.