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Subsea valves are used in sub-marine environments, which can range in depth from shallow water (usually down to a depth of 75 meters) to deep water (down to 3500 meters). [1] Various industries use subsea valves, with the oil and gas sector accounting for the majority, where there is a need to move material from, to, or below the seabed.
SS – subsea, as in a datum of depth, e.g. TVDSS (true vertical depth subsea) [citation needed] SSCC – sulphide stress corrosion cracking; SSCP – subsea cryogenic pipeline; SSCS – subsea control system; SSD – sub-sea level depth (in metres or feet, positive value in downwards direction with respect to the geoid [citation needed])
Sub-systems of Subsea trees, might also be further customized to fit individual well needs. Subsea trees may range in size and weight from a few tons to approximately 70 tons for high pressure, deepwater (deeper than 3,000 ft or 910 m) guidelineless applications. Subsea trees contain many additional valves and accessories compared to surface trees.
Subsea technology involves fully submerged ocean equipment, operations, or applications, especially when some distance offshore, in deep ocean waters, or on the seabed. The term subsea is frequently used in connection with oceanography, marine or ocean engineering, ocean exploration, remotely operated vehicle (ROVs) autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), submarine communications or power ...
A typical subsea deepwater blowout preventer system includes components such as electrical and hydraulic lines, control pods, hydraulic accumulators, test valve, kill and choke lines and valves, riser joint, hydraulic connectors, and a support frame. Two categories of blowout preventer are most prevalent: ram and annular. BOP stacks frequently ...
Valves are actuated by an electric motor, hydraulic fluid or air. For air-operated control valves, electrical signals from the control system are converted to an air pressure for the valve actuator in a current/pneumatic I/P converter. Upon loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure valves may fail to an open (FO) or fail to a closed (FC) position.
A submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In some cases, the pipeline is mostly on-land but in places it crosses water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers. [ 3 ]
Tilting-disc inconel check valve Check valve symbol on piping and instrumentation diagrams.The arrow shows the flow direction. Vertical lift check valve. A check valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve, foot valve, or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.