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According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the Soviet Union during the period of Joseph Stalin's rule was a "modern example" of a totalitarian state, being among "the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership."
Guide to History's Worst Dictators: From Emperor Nero to Vlad the Impaler and More. N/a: Self published. ISBN 9798737828066. OCLC 875273089. Rank, Michael (2013). History's Worst Dictators: A Short Guide to the Most Brutal Rulers, from Emperor Nero to Ivan the Terrible. Moreno Valley, Calif.: Solicitor Publishing. OCLC 875273089. Popular; eBook.
In January 1979, Bokassa tried to force all students in the Central African Republic, from elementary school to university students, to wear uniforms made by a company owned by one of his wives. [2] In response to this, students began protesting against Bokassa and by April 1979, the students and police "were practically in state of war". [4]
When there was a trial at all, dissidents faced kangaroo courts organized by the JMM militia, [65] as almost all judges in the country fled or were jailed during Macías Nguema's rule. [62] In one of these show trials in 1974, even the defence team of the accused requested a death sentence for their clients. [ 65 ]
Many right-wing regimes kept strong ties with local clerical establishments. This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is often referred to as Clerical fascism.Pro-Catholic dictatorships included the Estado Novo (1933–1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938).
The book discusses the Romanian revolution of 1989 as an example of how dictators often misjudge their power. On December 21, 1989, Nicolae Ceaușescu's speech to a crowd in Bucharest turned into a disaster, with the audience heckling him in response to the regime's brutal suppression of protests. [5]
Saparmurat Niyazov, the late president for life of Turkmenistan, and former leader of the Turkmen Communist Party and later of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (the country's only political party), assumed from 22 October 1993 the unique, paternalistic national title Turkmenbashi (Türkmenbaşy in Turkmen), which means "Head of (all) the ...
This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths directly or indirectly caused by the deadliest wars in history. These numbers encompass the deaths of military personnel resulting directly from battles or other wartime actions, as well as wartime or war-related civilian deaths, often caused by war-induced epidemics, famines, or genocides.