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They share more genetic material with humans than fruit flies do and can’t fly away — in short, an ideal lab animal for the developmental biologist. Scientists have been using sea urchins to ...
Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for a variety of purposes including producing drugs, enhancing yields, increasing resistance to disease, etc. The vast majority of genetically modified animals are at the research stage while the number close to entering the market remains small.
Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process.
As of 2004 there were five thousand known genetic diseases, and the potential to treat these diseases using transgenic animals is, perhaps, one of the most promising applications of transgenes. There is a potential to use human gene therapy to replace a mutated gene with an unmutated copy of a transgene in order to treat the genetic disorder.
Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. [1] This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there wasn’t modification carried out on the adult donor nucleus.
Genetically modified mammals are mammals that have been genetically engineered.They are an important category of genetically modified organisms.The majority of research involving genetically modified mammals involves mice with attempts to produce knockout animals in other mammalian species limited by the inability to derive and stably culture embryonic stem cells.
The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985, [66] by micro-injecting foreign DNA into rabbit, sheep and pig eggs. [67] The first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, [68] engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator. [69] This technology was applied to sheep, pigs, cows and other livestock. [68]
This has also been used to remove marker genes from transgenic animals. Further modifications of these systems allowed researchers to induce recombination only under certain conditions, allowing genes to be knocked out or expressed at desired times or stages of development. [52]