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According to section 4 of India's Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, "a Promissory Note is a writing (not being a bank note or currency note), containing an unconditional undertaking, signed by the maker to pay a certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or the bearer of the instrument".
The holder on due course rule allows banks to take an "empty head and pure heart" approach to buying loans, and to close their eyes to anything beyond the face of a promissory note when due diligence would reveal obvious irregularities in how that note was originated. The bank can still come after the consumer for the balance of the note even ...
A 1926 promissory note from the Imperial Bank of India, Rangoon, Burma for 20,000 rupees plus interest. A promissory note, sometimes referred to as a note payable, is a legal instrument (more particularly, a financing instrument and a debt instrument), in which one party (the maker or issuer) promises in writing to pay a determinate sum of money to the other (the payee), [1] subject to any ...
Blank endorsement of a financial instrument, such as a cheque, is only a signature, not indicating the payee.The effect of this is that it is payable only to the bearer – legally, it transforms an order instrument ("pay to the order of (the payee)") into a bearer instrument ("pay to the bearer").
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 is an act in India dating from the British colonial rule, that is still in force with significant amendments recently. It deals with the law governing the usage of negotiable instruments in India. The word "negotiable" means transferable and an "instrument" is a document giving legal effect by the virtue of the law
The collecting bank may refuse to accept a warrant issue, in which case other banks may also refuse to accept them. [8] "The warrants of a municipal corporation are not negotiable instruments. They do not constitute a new debt, or evidence of a new debt, but are only the prescribed means devised by law for drawing money from the treasury." [9]
Because the transaction operates on a negotiable instrument, it is the document itself which holds the value - not the goods to which the reference. This means that the bank need only be concerned with whether the document fulfils the requirements stipulated in the letter of credit.
The traditional definition of a security, which includes shares, bonds and similar, is a "fungible, negotiable instrument", where "instrument" refers to its status as a legal document and "negotiable" means that the owner can transfer it with good title, even though it itself may have had defective title.