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The fluorescein is administered intravenously in intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and orally in oral fluorescein angiography (OFA). The test is a dye tracing method. The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva.
When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type. [ 7 ] [ 3 ] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [ 3 ]
Schirmer test = 0,00 in Sjögren's syndrome. The test works by the principle of capillary action, which allows the water in tears to travel along the length of a paper test strip in an identical fashion as a horizontal capillary tube. The rate of travel along the test strip is proportional to the rate of tear production.
The fluorescein is examined with a cobalt blue filter. At this point, the fluorescein appears green in color. Any changes in color or surface of the fluorescence area indicate the presence of corneal leakage. The test is contraindicated in obvious globe rupture, Full-thickness eye laceration, and fluorescein hypersensitivity. [1]
Fluorescein 2% [2] is instilled into the lower fornix of patient's eye. Alternatively, impregnated fluorescein strip moistened with preservative (benzalkonium chloride) free saline solution can also be used. [6] The eye is examined under a slit lamp with a low magnification and a broad beam covering the whole cornea. The lamp is switched to a ...
The Monoyer chart was created by Ferdinand Monoyer and is used to test visual acuity. [1] He inserted his name in the chart; reading upwards on both ends, but ignoring the first line, the name "Ferdinand Monoyer" can be seen.
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.
An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]