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Traditionally, breastfeeding has been defined as the consumption of breastmilk by any means, be it directly at the breast, or feeding expressed breast milk. [3] When direct feeding at the breast is not possible, expressed breast milk retains many unique nutritional and immunological qualities, and as such remains the gold standard for feeding infants. [4]
Some of the worthwhile components of breast milk are compromised in the pasteurization process. However, many are not. "Donor milk retains its bioactivity despite partial or complete loss of some components" (Arnold, 1999, p. 3). The enzymes in breast milk (e.g. lipase) appear to be most affected by the heat.
An adult nursing relationship (ANR) involves the suckling of milk from a person's breast on a regular basis by one or more partner(s). Successful ANRs depend on a stable and long-term relationship, as otherwise it is very difficult to maintain a steady milk flow.
Breast milk supply augments in response to the baby's demand for milk, and decreases when milk is allowed to remain in the breasts. [ 10 ] : 18–21 [ 10 ] : 27–34 [ 22 ] [ 10 ] : 72–80 [ 117 ] When considering a possibly low milk supply, it is important to consider the difference between "perceived low milk supply" and "true low milk supply".
At the time the article was written, in the U.S., the price of breast milk procured from milk banks that pasteurize the milk, and have expensive quality and safety controls, was about $10 per US fluid ounce ($0.34/ml), and the price in the alternative market online, bought directly from mothers, ranges from $1–$4 per US fluid ounce ($0.03 ...
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The Code was developed as a global public health strategy and recommends restrictions on the marketing of breast milk substitutes, such as infant formula, to ensure that mothers are not discouraged from breastfeeding and that substitutes are used safely if needed. The Code also covers ethical considerations and regulations for the marketing of ...
A human milk bank, breast milk bank or lactarium is a service that collects, screens, processes, pasteurizes, and dispenses by prescription human milk donated by nursing mothers who are not biologically related to the recipient infant. The optimum nutrition for newborn infants is breast milk for at least the first 6 months of life. [1]