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Government revenues mostly include taxes (e.g. inheritance tax, income tax, corporation tax, import taxes) while expenditures consist of government spending (e.g. healthcare, education, defense, infrastructure, social benefits). A government budget is prepared by the Central government or other political entity.
This article lists countries alphabetically, with total government expenditure as percentage of Gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries. Also stated is the government revenue and net lending/borrowing of the government as percentage of GDP. All Data is based on the World Economic Outlook Databook of the International Monetary Fund.
Government spending can be a useful economic policy tool for governments. Fiscal policy can be defined as the use of government spending and/or taxation as a mechanism to influence an economy. [13] [14] There are two types of fiscal policy: expansionary fiscal policy, and contractionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy is an increase ...
Global map of total central government revenues, as share of GDP, 2022 [1] Global map of total central government expenditures, as share of GDP, 2022 [2] This is the list of countries by government budget. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.
Social Security spending will increase sharply over the next decades, largely due to the retirement of the baby boom generation. The number of program recipients is expected to increase from 44 million in 2010 to 73 million in 2030. [30] Program spending is projected to rise from 4.8% of GDP in 2010 to 5.9% of GDP by 2030, where it will ...
Economists classify government expenditures into three main types. Government purchases of goods and services for current use are classed as government consumption. Government purchases of goods and services intended to create future benefits – such as infrastructure investment or research spending – are classed as government investment.
[19] [21] As a result, in recent years, state and local governments account for approximately 45% of total government expenditures. [9] State and local government spending is typically spent in 6 broad categories: elementary and secondary education, higher education, health, welfare, police and safety, and transportation.
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity.Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare.