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This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. ... Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic ...
R-410A is a refrigerant used in air conditioning and heat pump applications. It is a zeotropic but near- azeotropic mixture of difluoromethane (CH 2 F 2 , called R-32) and pentafluoroethane (CHF 2 CF 3 , called R-125).
Let us assume that standard direct material cost of widget is as follows: 2 kg of unobtainium at € 60 per kg ( = € 120 per unit). Let us assume further that during given period, 100 widgets were manufactured, using 212 kg of unobtainium which cost € 13,144. Under those assumptions direct material usage variance can be calculated as:
Since amorphous ribbon can be cast to any specific width under roughly 13 inches and can be sheared with relative ease, it is a suitable material for wound electrical transformer cores. In 2019 the price of amorphous steel outside the US is approximately $.95/pound compared to HiB grain-oriented steel which costs approximately $.86/pound.
Silicon prices sharply rose to about $80 per kilogram, and reached as much as $400/kg for long-term contracts and spot prices. In 2007, the constraints on silicon became so severe that the solar industry was forced to idle about a quarter of its cell and module manufacturing capacity—an estimated 777 MW of the then available production capacity.
Silicone rubbers are often one- or two-part polymers, and may contain fillers to improve properties or reduce cost. Silicone rubber is generally non-reactive, stable, and resistant to extreme environments and temperatures from −55 to 300 °C (−70 to 570 °F) while still maintaining its useful properties.
This coke-fired smelting process occurs at high temperatures of more than 1,000 °C and is very energy intensive, using about 11 kilowatt-hours (kW⋅h) per kilogram of silicon. [9] The energy requirements of this process per unit of silicon metal produced may be relatively inelastic.
Elkem Solar estimates their UMG costs to be $25/kg, with a capacity of 6,000 tonnes by the end of 2010. Calisolar expects UMG technology to produce at $12/kg in 5 years with boron at 0.3 ppm and phosphorus at 0.6 ppm. [20] At $50/kg and 7.5 g/W, module manufacturers spend $0.37/W for the polysilicon.