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“Training adduction and abduction exercises for the hip compound is integral for healthy flexion of the hip, and can even contribute to healthy lower back, knee, and neck movement,” says Neiman.
Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. Circumduction can be best performed at ball and socket joints, such as the hip and shoulder , but may also be performed by other parts of the body such as fingers, hands, feet, and head. [ 24 ]
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals. [1] Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye.
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On attempted abduction of an affected eye, the eye adducts and the eyelid retracts. This is an interaction between the abducens nerve and a branch of the oculomotor nerve. Voluntary activation of the abducens nerve (eye abduction) causes involuntary activation of the oculomotor nerve (eye adduction and eyelid elevation). [7]
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In fact, each of the six extraocular muscles exerts rotational forces in all three planes (elevation-depression, adduction-abduction, intorsion-extorsion) to varying degrees, depending on which way the eye is looking. The relative forces change every time the eyeball moves – every time the direction of the gaze changes.
A duction is an eye movement involving only one eye. [1] There are generally six possible movements depending upon the eye's axis of rotation: Abduction refers to the outward movement of an eye. Adduction refers to the inward movement of an eye; Supraduction / sursumduction / elevation; Infraduction / deorsumduction / depression; Incycloduction ...