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A residual neural network (also referred to as a residual network or ResNet) [1] is a deep learning architecture in which the layers learn residual functions with reference to the layer inputs. It was developed in 2015 for image recognition, and won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge of that year. [2] [3]
This was later solved by the ResNet architecture. The architecture consists of three parts stacked on top of one another: [2] The stem (data ingestion): The first few convolutional layers perform data preprocessing to downscale images to a smaller size. The body (data processing): The next many Inception modules perform the bulk of data processing.
AlexNet architecture and a possible modification. On the top is half of the original AlexNet (which is split into two halves, one per GPU). On the bottom is the same architecture but with the last "projection" layer replaced by another one that projects to fewer outputs.
The ImageNet project is a large visual database designed for use in visual object recognition software research. More than 14 million [1] [2] images have been hand-annotated by the project to indicate what objects are pictured and in at least one million of the images, bounding boxes are also provided. [3]
Images, Text Classification, Image-Language 2022 [31] SIFT10M Dataset SIFT features of Caltech-256 dataset. Extensive SIFT feature extraction. 11,164,866 Text Classification, object detection 2016 [32] X. Fu et al. LabelMe: Annotated pictures of scenes. Objects outlined. 187,240 Images, text Classification, object detection 2005 [33]
The above architecture turns an image into a sequence of vector representations. To use these for downstream applications, an additional head needs to be trained to interpret them. For example, to use it for classification, one can add a shallow MLP on top of it that outputs a probability distribution over classes.
Segmentation of a 512 × 512 image takes less than a second on a modern (2015) GPU using the U-Net architecture. [1] [3] [4] [5] The U-Net architecture has also been employed in diffusion models for iterative image denoising. [6] This technology underlies many modern image generation models, such as DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion.
Perceiver is a variant of the Transformer architecture, adapted for processing arbitrary forms of data, such as images, sounds and video, and spatial data.Unlike previous notable Transformer systems such as BERT and GPT-3, which were designed for text processing, the Perceiver is designed as a general architecture that can learn from large amounts of heterogeneous data.