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This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders. ... (H54) Blindness — the brain does not receive optical information, through various causes
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids do not appear to affect the onset; [5] however, dietary supplements may slow the progression in those who already have the disease. [5] Age-related macular degeneration is a main cause of central blindness among the working-aged population worldwide. [6]
Glaucoma is an eye disease often characterized by increased pressure within the eye or intraocular pressure (IOP). [61] Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. [62] Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in patients is imperative because glaucoma is triggered by non-specific levels of IOP. [62]
A vision disorder is an impairment of the sense of vision. Vision disorder is not the same as an eye disease. Although many vision disorders do have their immediate cause in the eye, there are many other causes that may occur at other locations in the optic pathway.
Microphthalmia is a congenital disorder in which the globe of the eye is unusually small and structurally disorganized. [2] [4] While the axis of an adult human eye has an average length of about 23.8 mm (0.94 in), a diagnosis of microphthalmia generally corresponds to an axial length below 21 mm (0.83 in) in adults.