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Example calculation of a paternity index. In paternity testing, Paternity Index (PI) is a calculated value generated for a single genetic marker or locus (chromosomal location or site of DNA sequence of interest) and is associated with the statistical strength or weight of that locus in favor of or against parentage given the phenotypes of the tested participants and the inheritance scenario.
Five-9's (99.999%) means less than 5 minutes when the system is not operating correctly over the span of one year. Availability is only meaningful for supportable systems. As an example, availability of 99.9% means nothing after the only known source stops manufacturing a critical replacement part.
Diagram showing the cumulative distribution function for the normal distribution with mean (μ) 0 and variance (σ 2) 1. These numerical values "68%, 95%, 99.7%" come from the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
[1] [2] It was originally developed for the computer program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project. Phred quality scores are assigned to each nucleotide base call in automated sequencer traces. [1] [2] The FASTQ format encodes phred scores as ASCII characters alongside the read sequences. Phred quality ...
More simply, going from 99.9% availability to 99.95% availability is a factor of 2 (0.1% to 0.05% unavailability), but going from 99.95% to 99.99% availability is a factor of 5 (0.05% to 0.01% unavailability), over twice as much. [note 3] A formulation of the class of 9s based on a system's unavailability would be
This means that most men (about 68%, assuming a normal distribution) have a height within 3 inches of the mean (66–72 inches) – one standard deviation – and almost all men (about 95%) have a height within 6 inches of the mean (63–75 inches) – two standard deviations. If the standard deviation were zero, then all men would share an ...
For any population probability distribution on finitely many values, and generally for any probability distribution with a mean and variance, it is the case that +, where Q(p) is the value of the p-quantile for 0 < p < 1 (or equivalently is the k-th q-quantile for p = k/q), where μ is the distribution's arithmetic mean, and where σ is the ...
In one dimension the probability of finding a sample of the normal distribution in the interval is approximately 68.27%, but in higher dimensions the probability of finding a sample in the region of the standard deviation ellipse is lower.