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The presence of top women leaders can have a positive influence on the emergence of other women leaders in top and middle-management positions. [2] Top women leaders tend to create more female-friendly cultures and supportive human resource policies, and can serve as positive role models for aspiring women leaders. [2]
Another explanation, proposed by Eagly and Carli (2007), attributes many of these findings not to average gender differences per se, but to a "selection effect" caused by gender bias and discrimination against women, whereby easier standards for men in attaining leadership positions as well as the fact that men make up the majority of ...
For example, in one study, when asked to envision a leader, German women imagined a male executive, while Australian and Indian women imagined both men and women. [130] The nation in which leadership takes place may also affect men’s and women’s leadership behaviors, although the effect of nationality has been stronger than the effect of ...
Hegemonic masculinity draws some of its historical roots from both the fields of social psychology and sociology which contributed to the literature about the male sex role that had begun to recognize the social nature of masculinity and the possibilities of change in men's conduct. [10] This literature preceded the Women's Liberation Movement ...
Share of countries by gender of the chief executive A third of all countries have had a woman as leader. The number of women leaders around the world has grown, but they still represent a small group. [15] At the executive levels of government, women become prime ministers more often than they become presidents.
White women fighting for feminism is distinct from black women fighting for black feminism, as white women need only to address one form of oppression [sexism] versus many forms of oppression, like black women. Therefore, the black feminists of the Combahee River Collective aimed for an inclusive rather than exclusive movement because, "The ...
Salon.com reported that "Because chick lit (whatever it is - or was) provoked so many ideologically fraught arguments about the values placed on women's vs. men's tastes, high- vs. lowbrow culture, comedy vs. drama and so on, it's tempting to read particular significance into its decline," but went on to argue that the decline was due to a ...
However, at a more primary level, the bonds formed in the civil rights movement established valuable solidarity among African American women and men. [33] This is an approach that may be transferable and equally useful to the feminist movement. Making these important connections understood by women and men might greatly benefit feminism.