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Capital expenditures are the funds used to acquire or upgrade a company's fixed assets, such as expenditures towards property, plant, or equipment (PP&E). [3] In the case when a capital expenditure constitutes a major financial decision for a company, the expenditure must be formalized at an annual shareholders meeting or a special meeting of the Board of Directors.
In commercial real estate, recoverable expenses are those expenses of running a property that are billed back to the tenants as a form of additional rent. A simple example is the electricity bill for a large complex that is then divided up among the tenants .
Capital expenditures either create cost basis or add to a preexisting cost basis and cannot be deducted in the year the taxpayer pays or incurs the expenditure. [3] In terms of its accounting treatment, an expense is recorded immediately and impacts directly the income statement of the company, reducing its net profit.
Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words, it is the total cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
As a simple example, a company buys a generator that costs $1,000 that is expected to last for 10 years. Under straight-line depreciation, the most simple form of depreciation, the company allocates $100 of the cost of the generator to its expenses every year, until the $1,000 capital expense has been "used up."
The accounting equation plays a significant role as the foundation of the double-entry bookkeeping system. The primary aim of the double-entry system is to keep track of debits and credits and ensure that the sum of these always matches up to the company assets, a calculation carried out by the accounting equation.