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Citronella oil is an essential oil obtained from the leaves and stems of different species of Cymbopogon (lemongrass). The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as citronellal , citronellol , and geraniol .
Cymbopogon nardus, common name citronella grass, is a species of perennial aromatic plant from the family Poaceae, originating in tropical Asia. C. nardus cannot be eaten because of its unpalatable nature and is an invasive species that renders pastureland useless, since cattle will starve even in its abundance.
Citronellal is a main isolate in distilled oils from the plants Cymbopogon (excepting C. citratus, culinary lemongrass), [3] lemon-scented gum, and lemon-scented teatree. The ( S )-(−)- enantiomer of citronellal makes up to 80% of the oil from kaffir lime leaves and is the compound responsible for its characteristic aroma.
Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus) grow to about 2 metres (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) and have magenta-colored base stems.These species are used for the production of citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as an insect repellent (especially mosquitoes and houseflies) in insect sprays and candles, and aromatherapy.
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The main ingredients in these products are lemon grass oil and "negros oil" (mixture of lemon grass oil with virgin coconut oil) used in aromatherapy. [ 14 ] Citronellol is an essential oil constituent from Cymbopogon citratus , Cymbopogon winterianus , and Lippia alba .