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The tool used to flare tubing consists of a die that grips the tube, and either a mandrel or rolling cone is forced into the end of the tube to form the flare by cold working. The most common flare fitting standards in use today are the 45° SAE flare [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ,the 37° JIC flare, and the 37° AN flare.
JIC fittings, defined by the SAE J514 and MIL-DTL-18866 standards, are a type of flare fitting machined with a 37-degree flare seating surface. JIC (Joint Industry Council) fittings are widely used in fuel delivery and fluid power applications, especially where high pressure (up to 10,000 pounds per square inch (690 bar)) is involved.
A 37° flare type end fitting for flexible hose The AN thread (also A-N ) is a particular type of fitting used to connect flexible hoses and rigid metal tubing that carry fluid. It is a US military-derived specification that dates back to World War II and stems from a joint standard agreed upon by the Army Air Corps and Navy, hence AN.
A specialized flaring tool is used to enlarge tubing into a 45º tapered bell shape matching the projecting shape of the flare fitting. [ 21 ] : 82 The flare nut, which had previously been installed over the tubing, is then tightened over the fitting to force the tapered surfaces tightly together.
Flare connections require that the end of a tubing section be spread outward in a bell shape using a flare tool. Only soft copper can be flared. A flare nut then compresses this bell-shaped end onto a male fitting. Flare connections are a labor-intensive method of making connections but are quite reliable over the course of many years.
A Hurst tool. See hydraulic spreader. J-Tool A device made of rigid, heavy gauge wire and designed to fit through the space between double-swinging equipped with panic hardware. [9] Jet-Axe A Jet-Axe was a shaped charge of two to six ounces of RDX, and was used for forcible entry [10] and ventilation in the 1960s and 1970s. Jet siphon